A hot spot is a condition which involves an area of skin which has become inflamed and infected. It is usually found on the head, the hip area and on the chest.
The affected area appears moist, raw and inflamed and is painful and very itchy. Hair loss may also be seen and an odour is often present. The dog will usually lick , bite and/or scratch at the area, which irritates it even more, making it worse.
Hot spots can come on very quickly and can increase dramatically in size overnight.
What causes hot spots?
Anything that causes irritation of the skin can lead to the development of a hot spot. Some common triggers are fleas, mites, atopy (allergies to things in the environment), food allergies and skin wounds.
Any dog can develop hot spots, but dogs with long and thick coats are more susceptible, because the long or thick coat can trap moisture against the skin. This contributes to infection.
Hot spots are also more common during periods of warm, humid weather, but can occur any time of the year.
A nervous dog that engages in focused licking or scratching may also be susceptible to hot spots. An ear infection may also lead to the development of a hot spot if the dog scratches or rubs its ear compulsively.
Any dog with a matted and/or dirty coat is a risk of developing hot spots.
How are hot spots diagnosed?
Diagnosis is usually made by a visual inspection by a veterinarian. In some cases it might be necessary to rule out other skin diseases, such as ringworm, by running tests such as a skin scraping, biopsy, etc.
How are hot spots treated?
Treatment is aimed at stopping the growth of the hot spot and eliminating the cause.
The vet will start treatment by clipping or shaving the hair over and around the affected area. The area is then cleaned and a medicated ointment is applied to help relieve the itchiness. If the dog is very sensitive, this may have to be done under sedation. A disinfectant and medicated ointment will be given to continue the treatment at home.
In some cases the vet may prescribe oral antibiotics and anti-inflammatories to help fight the infection and pain. An Elizabethan collar may be necessary if the dog keeps on licking or scratching the affected area.
When properly treated, most hot spots dry and heal over several days. In more severe cases a follow-up evaluation, or two, may be needed.
How to help reduce the risk of hot spots
Stick to a strict tick and flea control program and keep your dog well groomed.
Dry your dog thoroughly after swimming and bathing.
Treat any and all skin sores immediately.
Some pet owners with dogs that have thick and/or long coats have them shaved or clipped during summer months.
If you suspect that your dog may have a hot spot, please consult your veterinarian.
